EAST LONGMEADOW PUBLIC SCHOOLS
2006 - 2007 DISTRICT CURRICULUM GUIDES

Language Arts - Grade 2

Language Arts

The Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework is designed to guide local school district personnel in the development of effective English language arts curricula. Learning in English language arts is recursive. That is, students at every grade level apply similar language skills and concepts as they use increasingly more complex materials. In this way, students build upon and refine their knowledge, gaining sophistication and independence as they grow. Language, Reading and Literature, Composition, and Media are interdependent. Each strand intertwines with and supports the others. Students might at any time read and write, view and discuss, or interpret and perform in order to understand and communicate meaning. Thus, at all grade levels, effective English language arts curriculum units weave together skills and concepts from several strands to support student learning.

Grade 2

The Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework provides learning standards for students in grade 2.


Genres
The Genres Unit includes identifying and comparing key characteristics of literary genres, as designated by a work's subject, theme, style, and time period. Some examples of genres are science fiction, poetry, drama, British literature, and multicultural literature.

    Genre: Myths/Narratives/Literature
The learner will be able to recognize, examine, and use knowledge of themes, structure, and elements of myths, traditional narratives, and classical literature and offer textual evidence to support understanding.
Strand Scope Source
Genre Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 16
  
    Drama: Stories/Plays/Poems/Rehearse
The learner will be able to rehearse and perform stories, plays, and poems for an audience using appropriate eye contact, volume, and clear enunciation.
Strand Scope Source
Drama Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 18.1
  
    Drama: Theme/Structure/Elements
The learner will be able to recognize, analyze, and use knowledge of themes, structure, and elements of drama and offer textual evidence to support understanding.
Strand Scope Source
Drama Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 17
  
    Drama: Readings/Recitations/Performances
The learner will be able to plan and present dramatic readings, recitations, and performances that show appropriate consideration of audience and purpose.
Strand Scope Source
Drama Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 18
  
    Word Choice: Senses/Imagery/Mood
The learner will be able to recognize and examine how author's word choice appeals to the senses, creates imagery, suggests mood, and sets tone and provide textual evidence to support understanding.
Strand Scope Source
Poetry: Sound/Form Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 15
  
    Nonfiction: Purpose/Structure/Elements
The learner will be able to recognize, analyze, and apply knowledge of purpose, structure, and elements of nonfiction or informational materials and provide evidence from the text to support their comprehension.
Strand Scope Source
Nonfiction Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 13
  
    Classic Literature: Recurring Phrases
The learner will be able to predict recurring phrases in classic literature, such as once upon a time.
Strand Scope Source
Classic Literature Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 16.3
  
    Poetry: Structure/Apply
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of structural elements of poems.
Strand Scope Source
Poetry: Sound/Form Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 14
  
    Poetry: Structure/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze structural elements of poems.
Strand Scope Source
Poetry: Sound/Form Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 14
  
    Characteristics: Identify
The learner will be able to identify key characteristics of genres.
Strand Scope Source
Genre: Characteristics Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 10
  
    Characteristics: Contrast/Poetry/Prose
The learner will be able to identify differences among characteristics of poetry, prose, fiction, nonfiction, and dramatic literature.
Strand Scope Source
Genre: Characteristics Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 10.1
  
    Characteristics: Knowledge/Use
The learner will be able to use his/her knowledge of the characteristics for a variety of different texts.
Strand Scope Source
Genre: Characteristics Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 10
  
    Analyze: Characteristics
The learner will be able to analyze key characteristics of a variety of genres.
Strand Scope Source
Genre: Analyze Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 10
  
    Elements: Identify
The learner will be able to identify poetic elements.
Strand Scope Source
Poetry: Elements Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 14
  
    Elements: Knowledge/Apply
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of poetic elements.
Strand Scope Source
Poetry: Elements Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 14
  
    Elements: Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze the poetic elements within a poem.
Strand Scope Source
Poetry: Elements Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 14
  
    Analyze: Theme
The learner will be able to analyze the theme in a poem.
Strand Scope Source
Poetry: Analyze Story Elements Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 14
  

Language Expressions
The Language Expressions Unit focuses on language conventions, structure, usage, and language study. It also addresses parts of speech, figures of speech, syntax, paragraph and sentence structure, word agreement, modifiers, and grammar.

    Expression: Standard English/Grammar
The learner will be able to examine the role of Standard English grammar and usage and identify how its vocabulary has developed and been influenced by other languages.
Strand Scope Source
Language Expression Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 5
  
    Paragraph: Distinguishing Characteristic
The learner will be able to identify the distinguishing characteristics of a paragraph.
Strand Scope Source
Paragraph Structure Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.4
  
    Formal/Informal: Analyze/Role/Informal
The learner will be able to analyze the role of Standard English in informal communication.
Strand Scope Source
Language Conventions: Formal/Informal Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 6
  
    Formal/Informal: Analyze/Role/Formal
The learner will be able to analyze the role of Standard English in formal communication.
Strand Scope Source
Language Conventions: Formal/Informal Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 6
  

Language Mechanics
The Language Mechanics Unit includes comprehending and applying the rules that govern punctuation and capitalization when writing and editing written works.

    Mechanics: Use Correct
The learner will be able to write using correct mechanics.
Strand Scope Source
Mechanics Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 22.2
  

Media
The Media Unit includes the study of information and entertainment communications. Topics include: advertising, art, journalism, film, and media messages, forms and productions.

    Media: Conventions/Elements/Techniques
The learner will be able to recognize, analyze, and use knowledge of the conventions, elements, and techniques of film, radio, video, television, multimedia productions, the Internet, and emergent technologies, and produce evidence from the works to support his or her understanding.
Strand Scope Source
Media Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 26
  
    Media Production: Plan/Create/Idea
The learner will be able to plan and create media productions with a controlling idea, detail, and consideration of audience, purpose, and medium.
Strand Scope Source
Media Production Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 27
  
    Television: Techniques/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize techniques used in television.
Strand Scope Source
Television Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 26.1
  
    Television: Fact/Differentiate
The learner will be able to differentiate between facts and misleading information presented on television.
Strand Scope Source
Television Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 26.1
  
    Media Production: Radio Scripts
The learner will be able to develop radio scripts, audiotapes, or videotapes for display or transmission.
Strand Scope Source
Media Production Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 27.1
  

Reading Operations
The Reading Operations Unit includes constructing meaning from fiction and non-fiction selections at comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and judgment levels of understanding. It includes skills which address identifying, discussing, and comparing both concrete and abstract elements of selections (setting, plot, characterization, genre, historical period, theme, tone, moral message, and psychological and political implications).

    Structure: Recognize/Analyze/Apply
The learner will be able to recognize, analyze, and apply his/her knowledge of the structure and elements in fictional material and support his/her answers with evidence from the text.
Strand Scope Source
Structure Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 12
  
    Emergent Reading: Features/Demonstrate
The learner will be able to demonstrate comprehension of the features of written English.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Reading: Conventions Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.4
  
    Cause/Effect: Distinguish
The learner will be able to distinguish between cause and effect in reading materials.
Strand Scope Source
Cause/Effect Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 8.8
  
    Main Idea: Identify
The learner will be able to identify main ideas from reading passages.
Strand Scope Source
Main Idea Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 8
  
    Main Idea: Restate
The learner will be able to restate the main idea of a reading selection.
Strand Scope Source
Main Idea Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 8.10, 13.5
  
    Theme: Identify/Support From Text
The learner will be able to identify themes as they occur in literature and give supporting evidence from the text.
Strand Scope Source
Themes Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 11
  
    Theme: Apply/Support From Text
The learner will be able to apply themes as they occur in literature and give supporting evidence from the text.
Strand Scope Source
Themes Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 11
  
    Purposes: Answer Questions
The learner will be able to read to locate information necessary to answer a question.
Strand Scope Source
Reading Purposes Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 24
  
    Interpretation: Facts/Main Ideas/Apply
The learner will be able to apply facts and main ideas as the basis for interpretation.
Strand Scope Source
Interpretation Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 8
  
    Support: Structure/Poem
The learner will be able to use examples from the text to support his/her understanding of structure in a poem.
Strand Scope Source
Support Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 14
  
    Support: Elements/Poem
The learner will be able to use examples from the text to support his/her understanding of the elements of a poem.
Strand Scope Source
Support Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 14
  
    Support: Theme/Poem
The learner will be able to use examples from the text to support his/her understanding of the theme of a poem.
Strand Scope Source
Support Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 14
  
    Dialogue: Characteristics/Identify
The learner will be able to identify the characteristics of dialogue.
Strand Scope Source
Dialogue Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 17.1
  
    Word: Objects/Actions/Names
The learner will be able to know that names of objects can also be names of actions.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Reading: Word Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 5.2
  
    Describe: Senses/Recognize/Literature
The learner will be able to recognize words appealing to the senses in literature.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Reading: Word Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 15.1
  
    Word: Spelled/Irregularly
The learner will be able to read irregularly spelled words.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Reading: Word Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.7
  
    Word: Sight Words/Irregular
The learner will be able to read irregular sight words.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Reading: Word Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.6
  
    Word: Multiple Syllables
The learner will be able to read words with multiple syllables.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Reading: Word Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.7
  
    Evaluating: Value/Informational
The learner will be able to evaluate text for informational value.
Strand Scope Source
Evaluating Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 24
  
    Analyzing: Value/Informational
The learner will be able to analyze text for informational value.
Strand Scope Source
Analyzing Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 24
  
    Irregular Vowels: Strategies
The learner will be able to use knowledge of irregular vowels to understand reading materials.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Reading: Letter Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.7
  
    Decode: Word Family/Complex/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize complex word families.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Reading: Decode Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.7
  
    Decode: Word Family/Complex/Use
The learner will be able to employ the use of complex word families to decode new words.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Reading: Decode Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.7
  
    Predicting: Prior Knowledge/Confirm
The learner will be able to apply his/her prior knowledge to confirm or reject predictions.
Strand Scope Source
Predicting: Confirm Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 8.9
  
    Confirm: Text Features/Use
The learner will be able to use knowledge of text features to confirm or reject predictions.
Strand Scope Source
Predicting: Confirm Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 8.9
  
    Analyze: Support
The learner will be able to analyze themes as they occur in literature and give supporting evidence from the text.
Strand Scope Source
Themes: Analyze Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 11
  
    Human Experience: Connect/Personal
The learner will be able to connect themes in fiction and nonfiction to personal experience.
Strand Scope Source
Themes: Human Experience Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 11.1
  

Speaking
The Speaking Unit focuses on techniques and strategies (voice modulation, body language, ordering of ideas, visual aids, etc.) to convey meaning and to present information and opinions to groups. This unit includes formal and informal communication, debate skills, and verbal/nonverbal communication.

    Practices: Maintain/Topic
The learner will be able to maintain topic when speaking.
Strand Scope Source
Communication Practices Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 3.2
  
    Enunciate: Appropriate
The learner will be able to use appropriate enunciation when giving oral presentations.
Strand Scope Source
Pronunciation: Enunciate Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 3.1
  
    Volume: Appropriate
The learner will be able to use appropriate volume when giving oral presentations.
Strand Scope Source
Vocal Characteristic: Volume Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 3.1
  

Spelling
The Spelling Unit includes studying language and word structure knowledge to discern the correct spelling of words. It includes skills related to editing passages for correct spelling by making connections between spelling, meaning, and structure.

    Sight Words: Spell Words Correctly
The learner will be able to spell sight words correctly.
Strand Scope Source
Sight Word Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 22.2
  
    Spelling: Content Area Words
The learner will be able to spell content area spelling words correctly.
Strand Scope Source
Spelling Applications Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 22.2
  
    Spelling: High Frequency/Write
The learner will be able to write using correct spelling of high frequency words.
Strand Scope Source
Spelling Applications Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.4
  

Study and Research Skills
The Study and Research Skills Unit includes developing organization and research skills needed to find appropriate resources, to judge resources as relevant or not relevant to a given topic, to categorize and synthesize information, to take notes in class, and to study for exams.

    Sources: Classroom
The learner will be able to gather information from classroom resources.
Strand Scope Source
Reference Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 24.1
  
    Sources: School
The learner will be able to use school sources to gather information.
Strand Scope Source
Reference Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 24.1
  
    Sources: Dictionary/Construct Meaning
The learner will be able to use a beginner's dictionary to construct word meaning.
Strand Scope Source
Reference Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 4.8
  
    Graphical Formats: Locate Information
The learner will be able to use graphical features to locate information.
Strand Scope Source
Graphical Format Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 13.2
  
    Research Skills: Questions/Research
The learner will be able to generate questions that can be researched.
Strand Scope Source
Research Skills Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 24.1
  

Vocabulary
The Vocabulary Unit includes studying and applying knowledge of word structure (bases and affixes), concrete analogies, synonyms, antonyms, and syllables. It also includes applying knowledge of connotation, denotation and words with multiple levels of meaning.

    Homonym: Select
The learner will be able to select the correct definition for words with multiple meanings when such words are presented in context.
Strand Scope Source
Homonym Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 4.5
  
    Unfamiliar Words: Known/Decode
The learner will be able to use known words to decode unfamiliar words.
Strand Scope Source
Vocabulary Strategies: Unfamiliar Words Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.7
  
    Writing: Use/Expand
The learner will be able to use an expanded vocabulary when writing.
Strand Scope Source
Vocabulary: Writing Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 4
  

Word Analysis
The Word Analysis Unit focuses on examining word structure and sound. It includes topics such as consonants, vowels, rhyming, and word building.

    Word Structure: Sounds/Produce
The learner will be able to produce all letter sounds and letter patterns, including consonant blends and long and short vowel patterns, and blend into words.
Strand Scope Source
Word Building Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.5
  
    Vowels: Digraphs/Diphthongs
The learner will be able to use digraphs and diphthongs.
Strand Scope Source
Vowel Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.7
  
    Vowels: Diphthongs/Reading
The learner will be able to use diphthongs to aid in reading.
Strand Scope Source
Vowel Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.5
  
    Vowel: R-Controlled/Read
The learner will be able to apply his/her knowledge of r-controlled letter sound relationships to read words.
Strand Scope Source
Vowel Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.5
  
    Word Building: Roots/Suffix/Inflectional
The learner will be able to identify the roots of words which contain inflectional suffixes.
Strand Scope Source
Word Building Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 4.4
  
    Letters: Syllables/Patterns/Use
The learner will be able to use letter patterns to recognize syllables.
Strand Scope Source
Letters Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.7
  
    Word: Digraphs/Reading
The learner will be able to use digraphs to aid in reading.
Strand Scope Source
Word Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.5
  
    Word: Onsets/Rimes/Sounds/Combine
The learner will be able to generate sounds using onsets and rimes and combine these sounds into understandable words.
Strand Scope Source
Word Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.5
  
    Phonetic Decoding: Context
The learner will be able to use phonetic strategies to decode words of one or more syllables in context.
Strand Scope Source
Phonetic Clues Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 7.7
  

Writing
The Writing Unit focuses on each stage of the writing process: prewriting, writing, revising, and publishing. It includes skills covering a variety of organizational formats and purposes for writing (communicating ideas, opinions, and feelings, clarifying thoughts, and solving problems). Some example writing formats are expository, narrative, poetry, and drama.

    Revise: Improvement/Demonstrate/Content
The learner will be able to show improvement in organization, content, paragraph development, level of detail, style, tone, and word choice after revision.
Strand Scope Source
Revising Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 21
  
    Writing Behaviors: Forms/Purposes
The learner will be able to merge a variety of forms and purposes together in writing.
Strand Scope Source
Writing Strategies Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 20.1
  
    Purposes: Variety
The learner will be able to write for a variety of purposes.
Strand Scope Source
Writing Purposes Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 20
  
    Audience: Variety
The learner will be able to write for a variety of audiences.
Strand Scope Source
Audience Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 20
  
    Criteria: Rhetorical/Logical/Stylistic
The learner will be able to create and use rhetorical, logical, and stylistic criteria for evaluating final versions of his or her compositions or research projects before presenting them to a variety of audiences.
Strand Scope Source
Evaluating Writing: Criteria Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 25
  
    Revise: Words/Clearer/Logical/Expressive
The learner will be able to after writing or dictating a work, identify words or phrases that could enrich the work to make it clearer, more logical, or more expressive.
Strand Scope Source
Revising Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 21.1
  
    Organization: Information/Sequence
The learner will be able to write to place information in sequence.
Strand Scope Source
Organization Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 23.1
  
    Organization: Structure/Coherence
The learner will be able to write with an organizing structure that creates coherence.
Strand Scope Source
Organization Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 19
  
    Organization: Purpose/Support
The learner will be able to organize information to support his/her purpose in writing.
Strand Scope Source
Organization Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 23
  
    Poetry: Original
The learner will be able to write original poetry.
Strand Scope Source
Poetry Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 19.6
  
    Story Elements: Beginning/Middle/End
The learner will be able to write a story which contains a beginning, middle and end.
Strand Scope Source
Story Elements Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 19.5
  
    Genre: Purpose/Use
The learner will be able to use an appropriate genre to achieve a given purpose.
Strand Scope Source
Genre Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 20.1
  
    Drama: Dialogue/Use
The learner will be able to use dialogue to compose short plays.
Strand Scope Source
Drama Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 17.1
  
    Sequence: Logical Order
The learner will be able to sequence ideas in logical order.
Strand Scope Source
Sequence Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 23.2
  
    Research Paper: Questions/Generate
The learner will be able to use writing to generate concrete questions for research.
Strand Scope Source
Research Paper Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 19.8
  
    Purposes: Resources/Find/Information
The learner will be able to utilize library resources to find information.
Strand Scope Source
Writing Purposes Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 24.1
  
    Edit: Standard English Conventions
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of Standard English language conventions to edit written works.
Strand Scope Source
Editing: Language Conventions Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 22
  
    Revise: English Conventions
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of Standard English language conventions to revise written works.
Strand Scope Source
Revising: Language Conventions Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 22
  
    Dictate: Questions
The learner will be able to dictate questions to explore a topic.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Writing: Dictate Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 19.8
  
    Sentence: Main Idea/Focus
The learner will be able to create sentences focusing clearly on a main idea.
Strand Scope Source
Emergent Writing: Sentence Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 19
  
    Detail: Sufficient/Developed/Use
The learner will be able to use sufficient, developed supporting details.
Strand Scope Source
Support: Detail Master MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 2, 19
  

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