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EAST LONGMEADOW PUBLIC SCHOOLS Language Arts The Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework is designed to guide local school district personnel in the development of effective English language arts curricula. Learning in English language arts is recursive. That is, students at every grade level apply similar language skills and concepts as they use increasingly more complex materials. In this way, students build upon and refine their knowledge, gaining sophistication and independence as they grow. Language, Reading and Literature, Composition, and Media are interdependent. Each strand intertwines with and supports the others. Students might at any time read and write, view and discuss, or interpret and perform in order to understand and communicate meaning. Thus, at all grade levels, effective English language arts curriculum units weave together skills and concepts from several strands to support student learning. SAT Verbal Preparation The Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework provides learning standards for students in grades 11 - 12. |
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Nonfiction: Purpose/Structure/Elements
The learner will be able to recognize, analyze, and apply knowledge of purpose, structure, and elements of nonfiction or informational materials and provide evidence from the text to support their comprehension.
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Analyze: Characteristics
The learner will be able to analyze key characteristics of a variety of genres.
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Author Technique: Nonfiction/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze how authors use the elements of nonfiction to achieve their purposes.
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Characteristics: Identify
The learner will be able to identify key characteristics of genres.
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Author Intentions: Nonfiction
The learner will be able to determine author intention in nonfiction reading materials.
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Author Style: Choices/Examine
The learner will be able to examine how an author's stylistic choices contribute to the effectiveness of a selection.
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Characteristics: Knowledge/Apply
The learner will be able to use knowledge of key characteristics of a variety of genres.
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Nonfiction: Elements/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze elements of nonfiction.
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Short Story: Key Elements
The learner will be able to recognize the traits that represent the short story.
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| Information Processing |
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Information Processing: Application
The learner will be able to use language to apply information.
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Information/Ideas: Collect
The learner will be able to apply language to collect information and ideas.
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Information/Ideas: Compare/Contrast
The learner will be able to compare and contrast presented information.
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Information/Ideas: Evaluate/Accuracy
The learner will be able to evaluate the accuracy of information and ideas.
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Information/Ideas: Evaluate/Completeness
The learner will be able to evaluate the completeness of information and ideas.
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Information/Ideas: Organization
The learner will be able to analyze the effects of organization of information and ideas.
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Information/Ideas: Processing/Analysis
The learner will be able to apply language to critically analyze information and ideas.
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Information: Interpretation
The learner will be able to use language to interpret information.
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Information: Interpretation/Conclude
The learner will be able to use an interpretation of information to draw conclusions.
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Information: Interpretation/Decisions
The learner will be able to use an interpretation of information to make decisions.
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Information: Interpretation/Directions
The learner will be able to use an interpretation of information to convey directions.
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Organizing Information: Resources/Task
The learner will be able to organize resources to complete a task by a given deadline.
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Organizing Information: Steps/Task
The learner will be able to create logical steps to complete a task by a given deadline.
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| Language Arts Processes |
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Communicating: Concepts/Explain
The learner will be able to explain frequently used concepts that succinctly state the subject that is being defined.
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Communicating: Concepts/Terms/Classify
The learner will be able to explain frequently used concepts, classifying the terms.
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Communicating: Design/Audience/Apply
The learner will be able to give instructions to an audience for completing a specific operation or procedure by applying the use of design elements to enhance the presentation and/or product.
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Communicating: Details/Concepts/Explain
The learner will be able to explain frequently used concepts that effectively organize details.
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Communicating: Information/Accurate
The learner will be able to give instructions to an audience for completing a specific operation or procedure by supplying accurate information.
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Communicating: Own Words/Information
The learner will be able to use one's own words to describe new information.
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Critical Thinking: Cause/Effect/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze cause/effect relationships.
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Strategies: Diction/Audience/Accommodate
The learner will be able to create texts that aid an audiences comprehension of a principle or theory by adjusting the diction to accommodate the audience.
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Strategies: Encouragement/Create
The learner will be able to create reflective texts that provide the audience with a feeling of encouragement to explore his or her own ideas.
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Strategies: Organization
The learner will be able to apply strategies for conveying meaning by using organizational clues to meaning.
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| Problem Solving |
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Analyze: Information
The learner will be able to analyze information to solve problems.
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Analyze: Points of View/Various
The learner will be able to analyze problems and possible solutions from various points of view.
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Critical Thinking: Draw Conclusions
The learner will be able to draw conclusions about information synthesized from multiple sources.
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Critical Thinking: Fact/Judgment
The learner will be able to distinguish between fact, judgment, and opinion.
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Critical Thinking: Implied Meaning
The learner will be able to comprehend implied meanings.
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Critical Thinking: Information/Assess
The learner will be able to use critical thinking skills to assess information.
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Critical Thinking: Objective/Subjective
The learner will be able to distinguish between objective and subjective forms of information and events.
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Critical Thinking: Support Conclusions
The learner will be able to provide rational support for conclusions.
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Critical Thinking: Use/Strategies
The learner will be able to use critical thinking strategies to complete projects.
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Decision: Information/Assess/Informed
The learner will be able to assess information in order to make informed decisions.
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Problem Solving: Information/Locate
The learner will be able to locate information from reading materials to solve problems or pursue a topic.
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Solution Concepts: Variety
The learner will be able to produce and offer a variety of solutions to problems.
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Strategies: Apply Knowledge/Information
The learner will be able to apply prior knowledge and content area information to make critical judgments.
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| Reading Operations |
| This unit includes constructing meaning from fiction and non-fiction selections at comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and judgment levels of understanding. It includes skills which address identifying, discussing, and comparing both concrete and abstract elements of selections (setting, plot, characterization, genre, historical period, theme, tone, moral message, and psychological and political implications). |
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Abstract Element: Concepts/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze abstract concepts.
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Analyze: Fiction
The learner will be able to analyze point of view in fiction.
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Analyze: Fiction
The learner will be able to analyze cause and effect in fiction.
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Analyze: Fiction
The learner will be able to analyze theme in fiction.
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Analyze: History/Consequences
The learner will be able to analyze cause and effect in history to understand consequences of decisions.
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Analyze: Nonfiction
The learner will be able to analyze point of view in nonfiction.
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Analyze: Nonfiction
The learner will be able to analyze theme in nonfiction.
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Analyze: Nonfiction
The learner will be able to analyze the structure of nonfictional material.
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Analyze: Nonfiction
The learner will be able to analyze cause and effect in nonfiction.
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Analyzing: Content
The learner will be able to analyze written material.
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Analyzing: Read
The learner will be able to read materials analytically.
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Analyzing: Recurring Patterns
The learner will be able to analyze recurring patterns in reading materials.
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Argument: Logic/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze the logic of an argument.
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Cause/Effect: "Why"/"How&
The learner will be able to determine cause and effect relationships by answering "why," "how," and "what-if" questions.
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Cause/Effect: Short Passage
The learner will be able to identify cause and effect (both literal and inferred) from a short passage.
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Critical Thinking: Theme/Text/Examine
The learner will be able to critically examine text to create thematic connections.
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Culture: Cultures/Read/Respond
The learner will be able to read and respond to literature reflecting other cultures.
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Culture: Differences/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize cultural differences within texts.
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Decode: Complex/Words
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of decoding skills to read increasingly complex words by him/herself.
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Decode: Use/Structural Cues
The learner will be able to use a variety of structural cues to decode unknown words.
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Decode: Variety
The learner will be able to use a variety of word parts to decode words in context.
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Detail: Subordinate Idea/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize subordinate ideas in reading materials.
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Diction: Mood/Effect/Evaluate
The learner will be able to evaluate the effect diction has on the mood of a reading passage.
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Draw Conclusion: Deductive Reasoning
The learner will be able to draw logical conclusions using deductive reasoning.
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Draw Conclusion: Implicit Information
The learner will be able to draw a conclusion from implicit information found in a reading passage.
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Draw Conclusion: Implied Meaning/Fact
The learner will be able to draw conclusions from facts in the text to determine the implied meaning of a reading selection.
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Draw Conclusion: Implied Meaning/Pattern
The learner will be able to draw conclusions from patterns in the text to determine the implied meaning of a reading selection.
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Draw Conclusion: Make Decisions
The learner will be able to make decisions about reading materials.
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Evaluating: Content
The learner will be able to evaluate the content of reading materials.
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Fact/Opinion: Distinguish
The learner will be able to distinguish between fact, reasoned judgment, and opinion in reading materials.
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Inference: Information/Synthesize
The learner will be able to synthesize information from reading materials to make inferences.
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Inference: Comprehend
The learner will be able to comprehend inferential reading materials.
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Inference: Explain
The learner will be able to explain inferences made from reading materials.
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Inference: Explanation/Meaning
The learner will be able to make inferences to determine the most likely explanation of meaning in reading materials.
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Interpretation: Analytic Technique
The learner will be able to interpret literature using analytic techniques.
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Interpretation: Critical/Nonfiction
The learner will be able to interpret nonfiction texts using different critical lenses.
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Interpretation: Evidence/Provide
The learner will be able to provide evidence from the text to support interpretations.
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Interpretation: Inference/Conclusions
The learner will be able to make inferences and draw conclusions from interpretations of materials.
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Main Idea: Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze literary selections for a main idea.
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Main Idea: Concept/Nonfiction/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize underlying concepts in nonfiction.
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Main Idea: Understand/Stated/Unstated
The learner will be able to understand the stated or unstated main idea or main topic.
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Main Idea: Understanding/Show
The learner will be able to show his/her ability to read explanatory texts by demonstrating understanding of the main ideas.
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Mood: Author/Describe
The learner will be able to describe the author's use of mood.
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Mood: Rhetorical Purpose/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze how authors use mood for rhetorical purposes.
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Organization: Characteristics/Structure
The learner will be able to understand the distinguishing characteristics of structure in a variety of genres.
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Organization: Coherence/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze reading selections for coherence.
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Organization: Compare/Identify
The learner will be able to identify organization structures of fiction and nonfiction that use comparisons.
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Point of View: Understand
The learner will be able to apply strategies for reading from and understanding multiple points of view.
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Post-Reading: Vocabulary/Discussion
The learner will be able to show an understanding of story vocabulary during post-reading discussion or story response time.
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Question: Material/Answer/Identify
The learner will be able to identify questions that should be answered by reading the passage.
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Question: Understanding/Identify
The learner will be able to identify questions that will improve understanding of reading selections.
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Questions: Main Idea
The learner will be able to identify questions designed to evaluate comprehension of the main idea of a reading passage.
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Questions: Read/Respond
The learner will be able to read and respond to who, what, when, where, and how questions.
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Questions: Respond/Reading
The learner will be able to respond to questions that are related to the passage he/she has read.
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Sequence: Beginning/Middle/End
The learner will be able to identify the beginning, middle, and end of a story.
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Sequence: Chronological/Identify
The learner will be able to identify chronological order within fiction and nonfiction.
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Sequence: Development/Evaluate
The learner will be able to evaluate the development of sequence in a piece of literature.
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Strategies: Apply/Structures
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of structures in the text to assist comprehension.
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Strategies: Apply/Types/Comprehension
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of types in the text to assist comprehension.
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Strategies: Assessing/Describe
The learner will be able to describe how reading strategies, such as assessing, are effective in helping him/her learn from a variety of texts.
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Strategies: Assessing/Learn From Text
The learner will be able to use effective reading strategies, such as assessing, to learn from a variety of texts.
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Strategies: Critical Details/Extract
The learner will be able to extract critical details from written texts.
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Strategies: Critical Thinking
The learner will be able to apply critical thinking when reading materials.
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