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EAST LONGMEADOW PUBLIC SCHOOLS Language Arts The Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework is designed to guide local school district personnel in the development of effective English language arts curricula. Learning in English language arts is recursive. That is, students at every grade level apply similar language skills and concepts as they use increasingly more complex materials. In this way, students build upon and refine their knowledge, gaining sophistication and independence as they grow. Language, Reading and Literature, Composition, and Media are interdependent. Each strand intertwines with and supports the others. Students might at any time read and write, view and discuss, or interpret and perform in order to understand and communicate meaning. Thus, at all grade levels, effective English language arts curriculum units weave together skills and concepts from several strands to support student learning. Creative Writing The Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework provides learning standards for students in grades 9 - 10. |
| Genres |
| This unit includes identifying and comparing key characteristics of literary genres, as designated by a work's subject, theme, style, and time period. Some examples of genres are: science fiction, poetry, drama, British literature, and multicultural literature. |
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Analyze: Characteristic/Function
The learner will be able to examine the structural characteristics and functions of literary forms and genres.
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Analyze: Characteristics
The learner will be able to analyze key characteristics of a variety of genres.
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Analyze: Ideas/Organize
The learner will be able to analyze how authors organize their ideas.
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Analyze: Imagery/Characterization
The learner will be able to analyze how authors use imagery, characterization, dialogue, and plot to express meaning.
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Analyze: Perspective
The learner will be able to examine perspectives presented in literature.
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Analyze: Purpose
The learner will be able to analyze the purposes of different dramatic genres.
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Analyze: Scriptwriter/Words
The learner will be able to analyze how a scriptwriter's words develop the tone, mood, and theme of a work.
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Analyze: Writer/Closure/Examine
The learner will be able to examine the ideas of an author by recognizing how he/she produces a sense of closure.
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Analyze: Writer/Detail/Select
The learner will be able to examine the ideas of an author by recognizing how he/she selects important and relevant supporting details.
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Analyze: Writer/Main Idea/Introduce
The learner will be able to examine the ideas of an author by recognizing how he/she introduces the main idea.
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Analyze: Writer/Organization/Connect
The learner will be able to examine the ideas of an author by recognizing how he/she connects the structure and/or organization to the ideas.
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Author Choices: Words/Analyzing
The learner will be able to analyze the varied, connotative, or symbolic meaning of words used by authors.
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Author Intention: Audience/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze author's purpose for a variety of audiences.
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Author Intention: Bias/Stereotyping
The learner will be able to identify bias, stereotyping, overgeneralization, association, and other devices used to influence an audience.
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Author Intention: Characterization
The learner will be able to examine the author's use of characterization.
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Author Intention: Effect
The learner will be able to explain the impact of an author's own views and intentions on a text.
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Author Intention: Plot/Examine
The learner will be able to examine the author's use of plot.
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Author Intention: Recognize/Purpose
The learner will be able to recognize the author's purpose.
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Author Intention: Sentence Structure
The learner will be able to analyze sentence structure to discern the author's purpose.
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Author Intention: Stylistic Elements
The learner will be able to analyze stylistic elements such as syntax, rhetoric, and detail choices to discern an author's purpose.
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Author Style: Author Use/Idea
The learner will be able to determine how an author's use of his/her ideas add to the quality of his/her work.
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Author Style: Character/Plot/Response
The learner will be able to analyze how language and visuals bring characters to life, enhance plot development, or encourage a response.
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Author Technique: Analyze/Dialogue
The learner will be able to analyze how authors use dialogue to express meaning.
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Author Technique: Analyze/Imagery
The learner will be able to analyze how authors use imagery to express meaning.
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Author Technique: Analyze/Plot
The learner will be able to analyze how authors use plot to express meaning.
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Author Technique: Analyze/Symbolism
The learner will be able to analyze how authors use symbolism to express meaning.
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Author Technique: Language/Voice
The learner will be able to identify how an author uses language to create his/her individual, identifiable voice.
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Author Technique: Organization
The learner will be able to analyze authors' reasons for using specific organizational formats and how the organizational format alters meaning.
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Author: Analyze/Language/Audience
The learner will be able to analyze whether author's language is appropriate for an audience.
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Author: Analyze/Language/Purpose
The learner will be able to analyze whether author's language is appropriate for a purpose.
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Author: Effect/Environment
The learner will be able to identify the effect of an author's environment on his/her written work.
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Author: Effect/Background
The learner will be able to identify the effect of an author's background on his/her written work.
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Point of View: Recognize/Position
The learner will be able to recognize an author's position based on the evidence presented in a reading passage.
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Themes: Universal/Identify
The learner will be able to identify universal themes.
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Word Choice: Imagery/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze how an author's word choice creates imagery.
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Author Technique: Sentence Variety
The learner will be able to identify and describe the significance of sentence variety in the impact of an imaginary/literary work or informational/expository work.
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Poetry: Figurative Language/Respond
The learner will be able to respond to figurative language in a poem.
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Poetry: Structure/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze structural elements of poems.
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Poetry: Theme/Apply
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of theme in a poem.
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| Language Arts Processes |
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Communicating: Aid/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize factors that aid in clear communication.
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Communicating: Factors/Recognize/Aid
The learner will be able to recognize factors that aid or hinder the clarity of communication.
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Communicating: Ideas/Concepts/Organize
The learner will be able to explain frequently used concepts that provide organization for ideas.
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Communicating: Interfere/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize factors that interfere with clear communication.
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Communicating: Own Words/Concepts
The learner will be able to use one's own words to explain new concepts.
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Communicating: Speak/Write
The learner will be able to arrange information in a clear and coherent manner in preparation for effective communication.
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Communicating: Speak/Write
The learner will be able to utilize a variety of voices in speaking and writing to add emphasis and power to key points.
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Communicating: Speak/Write
The learner will be able to utilize effective skills and a unique style to communicate through speaking or writing.
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Communication: Personal Experience
The learner will be able to apply personal knowledge to a topic to prepare for writing, speaking, listening, or viewing.
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| Listening |
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Delivery: Tone/Evaluate
The learner will be able to evaluate the effect of tone on material.
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Delivery: Voice/Identify
The learner will be able to identify appropriate voice when listening.
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Descriptive: Identify
The learner will be able to identify descriptive words and phrases in listening materials.
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Detail: Connecting/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize connecting details in orally read materials.
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Dialogue: Evaluate
The learner will be able to evaluate the use of dialogue in auditory material.
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Discussion: Informal/Strategies
The learner will be able to use effective strategies for informal discussions.
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Drama: Understand
The learner will be able to listen to and understand drama.
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Figurative Language: Diction
The learner will be able to identify the level of diction in auditory materials.
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Figurative Language: Imagery
The learner will be able to identify imagery in auditory material.
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Literary Device: Evaluate
The learner will be able to evaluate the use of language devices.
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| Reading Operations |
| This unit includes constructing meaning from fiction and non-fiction selections at comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and judgment levels of understanding. It includes skills which address identifying, discussing, and comparing both concrete and abstract elements of selections (setting, plot, characterization, genre, historical period, theme, tone, moral message, and psychological and political implications). |
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Abstract Element: Concepts/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze abstract concepts.
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Analyze: Fiction
The learner will be able to analyze point of view in fiction.
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Analyze: Fiction
The learner will be able to analyze cause and effect in fiction.
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Analyze: Fiction
The learner will be able to analyze theme in fiction.
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Analyze: History/Consequences
The learner will be able to analyze cause and effect in history to understand consequences of decisions.
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Analyze: Nonfiction
The learner will be able to analyze point of view in nonfiction.
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Analyze: Nonfiction
The learner will be able to analyze theme in nonfiction.
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Analyze: Nonfiction
The learner will be able to analyze the structure of nonfictional material.
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Analyze: Nonfiction
The learner will be able to analyze cause and effect in nonfiction.
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Analyzing: Content
The learner will be able to analyze written material.
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Analyzing: Read
The learner will be able to read materials analytically.
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Analyzing: Recurring Patterns
The learner will be able to analyze recurring patterns in reading materials.
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Argument: Logic/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze the logic of an argument.
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Cause/Effect: "Why"/"How&
The learner will be able to determine cause and effect relationships by answering "why," "how," and "what-if" questions.
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Cause/Effect: Short Passage
The learner will be able to identify cause and effect (both literal and inferred) from a short passage.
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Critical Thinking: Theme/Text/Examine
The learner will be able to critically examine text to create thematic connections.
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Culture: Cultures/Read/Respond
The learner will be able to read and respond to literature reflecting other cultures.
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Culture: Differences/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize cultural differences within texts.
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Decode: Complex/Words
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of decoding skills to read increasingly complex words by him/herself.
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Decode: Use/Structural Cues
The learner will be able to use a variety of structural cues to decode unknown words.
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Decode: Variety
The learner will be able to use a variety of word parts to decode words in context.
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Detail: Subordinate Idea/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize subordinate ideas in reading materials.
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Diction: Mood/Effect/Evaluate
The learner will be able to evaluate the effect diction has on the mood of a reading passage.
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Draw Conclusion: Deductive Reasoning
The learner will be able to draw logical conclusions using deductive reasoning.
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Draw Conclusion: Implicit Information
The learner will be able to draw a conclusion from implicit information found in a reading passage.
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Draw Conclusion: Implied Meaning/Fact
The learner will be able to draw conclusions from facts in the text to determine the implied meaning of a reading selection.
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Draw Conclusion: Implied Meaning/Pattern
The learner will be able to draw conclusions from patterns in the text to determine the implied meaning of a reading selection.
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Draw Conclusion: Make Decisions
The learner will be able to make decisions about reading materials.
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Evaluating: Content
The learner will be able to evaluate the content of reading materials.
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Fact/Opinion: Distinguish
The learner will be able to distinguish between fact, reasoned judgment, and opinion in reading materials.
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Inference: Information/Synthesize
The learner will be able to synthesize information from reading materials to make inferences.
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Inference: Comprehend
The learner will be able to comprehend inferential reading materials.
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Inference: Explain
The learner will be able to explain inferences made from reading materials.
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Inference: Explanation/Meaning
The learner will be able to make inferences to determine the most likely explanation of meaning in reading materials.
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Interpretation: Analytic Technique
The learner will be able to interpret literature using analytic techniques.
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Interpretation: Critical/Nonfiction
The learner will be able to interpret nonfiction texts using different critical lenses.
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Interpretation: Evidence/Provide
The learner will be able to provide evidence from the text to support interpretations.
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Interpretation: Inference/Conclusions
The learner will be able to make inferences and draw conclusions from interpretations of materials.
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Main Idea: Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze literary selections for a main idea.
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Main Idea: Concept/Nonfiction/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize underlying concepts in nonfiction.
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Main Idea: Understand/Stated/Unstated
The learner will be able to understand the stated or unstated main idea or main topic.
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Main Idea: Understanding/Show
The learner will be able to show his/her ability to read explanatory texts by demonstrating understanding of the main ideas.
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Mood: Author/Describe
The learner will be able to describe the author's use of mood.
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Mood: Rhetorical Purpose/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze how authors use mood for rhetorical purposes.
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Organization: Characteristics/Structure
The learner will be able to understand the distinguishing characteristics of structure in a variety of genres.
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Organization: Coherence/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze reading selections for coherence.
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Organization: Compare/Identify
The learner will be able to identify organization structures of fiction and nonfiction that use comparisons.
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Point of View: Understand
The learner will be able to apply strategies for reading from and understanding multiple points of view.
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Post-Reading: Vocabulary/Discussion
The learner will be able to show an understanding of story vocabulary during post-reading discussion or story response time.
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Question: Material/Answer/Identify
The learner will be able to identify questions that should be answered by reading the passage.
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