Language Arts Grade 3

EAST LONGMEADOW PUBLIC SCHOOLS
2006 - 2007 DISTRICT CURRICULUM GUIDES

Language Arts - Grade 3

Language Arts

The Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework is designed to guide local school district personnel in the development of effective English language arts curricula. Learning in English language arts is recursive. That is, students at every grade level apply similar language skills and concepts as they use increasingly more complex materials. In this way, students build upon and refine their knowledge, gaining sophistication and independence as they grow. Language, Reading and Literature, Composition, and Media are interdependent. Each strand intertwines with and supports the others. Students might at any time read and write, view and discuss, or interpret and perform in order to understand and communicate meaning. Thus, at all grade levels, effective English language arts curriculum units weave together skills and concepts from several strands to support student learning.

Grade 3

The Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework provides learning standards for students in grade 3. The Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework provides learning standards for students in grades 3 - 4.

Genres

The Genres Unit includes identifying and comparing key characteristics of literary genres, as designated by a work's subject, theme, style, and time period. Some examples of genres are science fiction, poetry, drama, British literature, and multicultural literature.

Genre: Imaginative/Read
The learner will be able to read imaginative materials.

Strand	Scope	Source
Genre	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 7.9

Drama: Readings/Recitations/Performances
The learner will be able to plan and present dramatic readings, recitations, and performances that show appropriate consideration of audience and purpose.

Strand	Scope	Source
Drama	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 18

Drama: Plot/Character/Scripts/Read
The learner will be able to recognize and analyze elements of plot and character as presented through dialogue in scripts that are read, viewed, written, or performed.

Strand	Scope	Source
Drama	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 17.2

Word Choice: Senses/Imagery/Mood
The learner will be able to recognize and examine how author's word choice appeals to the senses, creates imagery, suggests mood, and sets tone and provide textual evidence to support understanding.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Sound/Form	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 15

Nonfiction: Purpose/Structure/Elements
The learner will be able to recognize, analyze, and apply knowledge of purpose, structure, and elements of nonfiction or informational materials and provide evidence from the text to support their comprehension.

Strand	Scope	Source
Nonfiction	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 13

Author: Experiences/Real-Life
The learner will be able to identify similarities and differences in characters or events in a literary work and the real-life experiences in an author's life.

Strand	Scope	Source
Author	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 9.3

Folk Tale: Dialect/Identify
The learner will be able to identify dialect in dialogue within American folk tales.

Strand	Scope	Source
Folk Tale	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 6.2

Poetry: Structure/Identify
The learner will be able to identify the structure of poetry.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Fiction: Fact/Difference
The learner will be able to explain the difference between fact and fiction.

Strand	Scope	Source
Fiction	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.17, 13.11

Genre: Various Forms/Differentiate
The learner will be able to differentiate between forms of a variety of genres.

Strand	Scope	Source
Genre	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 10.2

Poetry: Similes/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize that a poem may contain similes.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Figurative Language	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14.2

Poetry: Structure/Apply
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of structural elements of poems.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Sound/Form	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Poetry: Repetition/Identify/Examine
The learner will be able to examine poetry for the purpose of identifying the application of repetition.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Sound/Form	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14.2

Poetry: Structure/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze structural elements of poems.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Sound/Form	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Characteristics: Identify
The learner will be able to identify key characteristics of genres.

Strand	Scope	Source
Genre: Characteristics	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 10

Expository: Various Purposes
The learner will be able to read expository text for a variety of purposes.

Strand	Scope	Source
Expository	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 7.9

Elements: Identify
The learner will be able to identify poetic elements.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Elements	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Elements: Knowledge/Apply
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of poetic elements.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Elements	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Rhythm: Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize rhythm in a poem.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Rhythm/Rhyme	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14.2

Rhyme: Scheme/Identify
The learner will be able to identify the rhyme scheme of a poem.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Rhythm/Rhyme	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14.2

Imagery: Poetry/Sensory/Examine
The learner will be able to examine poetry for the purpose of identifying the use of sensory imagery.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Imagery	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14.2

Drama: Theme/Structure/Elements
The learner will be able to recognize, analyze, and use knowledge of themes, structure, and elements of drama and offer textual evidence to support understanding.

Strand	Scope	Source
Drama	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 17

Genre: Differentiate/Strategies/Reading
The learner will be able to use knowledge of genres as reading and writing strategies.

Strand	Scope	Source
Genre	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 10.2

Genre: Myths/Narratives/Literature
The learner will be able to recognize, examine, and use knowledge of themes, structure, and elements of myths, traditional narratives, and classical literature and offer textual evidence to support understanding.

Strand	Scope	Source
Genre	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 16

Myth: Characters/Events/Greek/Roman
The learner will be able to gain knowledge of culturally significant characters and events in Greek, Roman, and Norse mythology and other classic literature.

Strand	Scope	Source
Mythology	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 16.6

Analyze: Characteristics
The learner will be able to analyze key characteristics of a variety of genres.

Strand	Scope	Source
Genre: Analyze	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 10

Analyze: Theme
The learner will be able to analyze the theme in a poem.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Analyze Story Elements	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Characteristics: Knowledge/Use
The learner will be able to use his/her knowledge of the characteristics for a variety of different texts.

Strand	Scope	Source
Genre: Characteristics	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 10

Classic Literature: Character Types
The learner will be able to recognize the adventures or exploits of certain character types in classic literature.

Strand	Scope	Source
Classic Literature	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 16.5

Elements: Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze the poetic elements within a poem.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Elements	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Myth: Phenomena/Recognize/Origin
The learner will be able to recognize phenomena explained in origin myths.

Strand	Scope	Source
Mythology	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 16.4

Poetry: Speaker/Identify
The learner will be able to use a poem's details to identify the probable speaker.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Author/Speaker	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.13

Poetry: Theme/Apply
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of theme in a poem.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Story Elements	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Poetry: Theme/Identify
The learner will be able to identify the theme of a given poem.

Strand	Scope	Source
Poetry: Story Elements	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Language Mechanics

The Language Mechanics Unit includes comprehending and applying the rules that govern punctuation and capitalization when writing and editing written works.

Mechanics: Identify
The learner will be able to identify the correct use of mechanics.

Strand	Scope	Source
Mechanics	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 5.7

Mechanics: Use Correct
The learner will be able to write using correct mechanics.

Strand	Scope	Source
Mechanics	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 22.4

Listening

The Listening Unit includes identifying and distinguishing between sounds and patterns in sounds, constructing meaning from information delivered verbally, and understanding and responding to verbal information.

Critical Listening: Direct Comparison
The learner will be able to identify words involving direct comparisons in oral language.

Strand	Scope	Source
Critical Listening	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 15.2

Critical Listening: Senses/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize words appealing to the senses in oral language.

Strand	Scope	Source
Critical Listening	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 15.2

Viewing/Representing

The Viewing and Representing Unit focuses on constructing meaning from visual sources and conveying meaning through visual representation. Meaning is conveyed by applying writing processes (prewriting, writing, revising, publishing) to visual representations of information.

Compare/Contrast: Book/Film
The learner will be able to compare and contrast book and film versions of a story.

Strand	Scope	Source
Compare/Contrast	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 26.2

Language Expressions

The Language Expressions Unit focuses on language conventions, structure, usage, and language study. It also addresses parts of speech, figures of speech, syntax, paragraph and sentence structure, word agreement, modifiers, and grammar.

Idiom: Identify
The learner will be able to identify and understand grade specific idioms.

Strand	Scope	Source
Idiom	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 4.11

Noun: Identify
The learner will be able to identify nouns.

Strand	Scope	Source
Noun	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 5.6

Sentence Structure: Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize correct sentence structure.

Strand	Scope	Source
Sentence Structure	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 5.7

Sentence Structure: Use
The learner will be able to use correct sentence structure.

Strand	Scope	Source
Sentence Structure	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 22.4

Predicate/Subject: Relationship/Identify
The learner will be able to identify the subject-predicate relationship in a sentence.

Strand	Scope	Source
Predicate/Subject	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 5.4

Verb: Identify
The learner will be able to identify verbs.

Strand	Scope	Source
Verb	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 5.6

Conventions: Standard English
The learner will be able to demonstrate appropriate use of Standard English in writing.

Strand	Scope	Source
Language Conventions	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 22

Adjective: Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize adjectives.

Strand	Scope	Source
Adjective	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 5.6

Usage: Identify/Standard
The learner will be able to identify standard language usage.

Strand	Scope	Source
Usage	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 5.7

Expression: Standard English/Grammar
The learner will be able to examine the role of Standard English grammar and usage and identify how its vocabulary has developed and been influenced by other languages.

Strand	Scope	Source
Language Expression	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 5

Adverb: Regular/Identify
The learner will be able to identify regular forms of adverbs.

Strand	Scope	Source
Adverb	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 5.6

Formal/Informal: Analyze/Role/Formal
The learner will be able to analyze the role of Standard English in formal communication.

Strand	Scope	Source
Language Conventions: Formal/Informal	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 6

Formal/Informal: Analyze/Role/Informal
The learner will be able to analyze the role of Standard English in informal communication.

Strand	Scope	Source
Language Conventions: Formal/Informal	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 6

Formal/Informal: Describe/Role
The learner will be able to describe the role of Standard English in formal communication.

Strand	Scope	Source
Language Conventions: Formal/Informal	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 6

Formal/Informal: Describe/Role
The learner will be able to describe the role of Standard English in informal communication.

Strand	Scope	Source
Language Conventions: Formal/Informal	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 6

Usage: Write/Correct
The learner will be able to write with correct usage.

Strand	Scope	Source
Usage	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 22.4

Reading Operations

The Reading Operations Unit includes constructing meaning from fiction and non-fiction selections at comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and judgment levels of understanding. It includes skills which address identifying, discussing, and comparing both concrete and abstract elements of selections (setting, plot, characterization, genre, historical period, theme, tone, moral message, and psychological and political implications) The Reading Operations Unit includes constructing meaning from fiction and non-fiction selections at comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and judgment levels of understanding. It includes skills which address identifying, discussing, and comparing both concrete and abstract elements of selections (setting, plot, characterization, genre, historical period, theme, tone, moral message, and psychological and political implications).

Strategies: Connect/Contemporary
The learner will be able to strengthen his or her understanding of literary or non-literary works by connecting it to its contemporary or historical context.

Strand	Scope	Source
Reading Strategies	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 9

Variety of Sources: Reading Selections
The learner will be able to read a wide variety of literary selections.

Strand	Scope	Source
Source	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 7.9

Purposes: Information
The learner will be able to read a variety of informational sources.

Strand	Scope	Source
Reading Purposes	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 7.9

Emergent Reading: Nature/Comprehend
The learner will be able to comprehend the nature of written English.

Strand	Scope	Source
Emergent Reading	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 7

Letter: Relationship/Letter/Sound/Oral
The learner will be able to comprehend the relationship of letters and spelling patterns to the sounds of oral language.

Strand	Scope	Source
Emergent Reading: Letter	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 7

Fact/Opinion
The learner will be able to distinguish between fact and opinion.

Strand	Scope	Source
Fact/Opinion	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.17, 13.11

Strategies: Features/Identify
The learner will be able to identify text features.

Strand	Scope	Source
Reading Strategies	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 13.6

Strategies: Features/Use/Find
The learner will be able to use text features to find information in text.

Strand	Scope	Source
Reading Strategies	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 13.6

Strategies: Vocabulary/Using
The learner will be able to use vocabulary to understand what is read.

Strand	Scope	Source
Reading Strategies	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 4

Organization: Structure/Identify
The learner will be able to identify organizational structure.

Strand	Scope	Source
Organization	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 13.8

Imagery: Sensory Imagery/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize sensory imagery.

Strand	Scope	Source
Imagery	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.12

Emergent Reading: Language/Playful
The learner will be able to recognize playful language.

Strand	Scope	Source
Emergent Reading	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 4.12

Emergent Reading: Relationship/Decode
The learner will be able to use knowledge of letter/sound relationships to decode words in context.

Strand	Scope	Source
Emergent Reading	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 7.8

Describe: Senses/Recognize/Literature
The learner will be able to recognize words appealing to the senses in literature.

Strand	Scope	Source
Emergent Reading: Word	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 15.2

Fact: Reading Material/Identify
The learner will be able to identify basic facts in what he/she has read.

Strand	Scope	Source
Fact	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8

Narrator: Identify
The learner will be able to identify the narrator of a story.

Strand	Scope	Source
Story Elements: Narrator	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.13

Reading Aloud: Imaginative/Literary
The learner will be able to read aloud imaginative/literary and information/expository materials with fluency, accuracy, and comprehension, using suitable timing, change in voice, and expression.

Strand	Scope	Source
Reading Aloud	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 7.10

Structure: Recognize/Analyze/Apply
The learner will be able to recognize, analyze, and apply his/her knowledge of the structure and elements in fictional material and support his/her answers with evidence from the text.

Strand	Scope	Source
Structure	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 12

Analyze: Plot Development/Reading
The learner will be able to analyze plot development in a reading selection.

Strand	Scope	Source
Plot: Analyze	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 12.2

Analyze: Reading Materials
The learner will be able to analyze setting in reading materials.

Strand	Scope	Source
Setting: Analyze	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 12.2

Analyze: Reading Selections
The learner will be able to analyze character in reading selections.

Strand	Scope	Source
Character: Analyze	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 12.2

Analyze: Support
The learner will be able to analyze themes as they occur in literature and give supporting evidence from the text.

Strand	Scope	Source
Themes: Analyze	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 11

Analyzing: Value/Informational
The learner will be able to analyze text for informational value.

Strand	Scope	Source
Analyzing	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 24

Cause/Effect: Distinguish
The learner will be able to distinguish between cause and effect in reading materials.

Strand	Scope	Source
Cause/Effect	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.16, 13.10

Compare: Direct/Identify Words
The learner will be able to identify words involving direct comparisons.

Strand	Scope	Source
Compare/Contrast	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 15.2

Culture: Lessons/Recognize/Folktales
The learner will be able to recognize themes as lessons in folktales, fables, and Greek myths.

Strand	Scope	Source
Themes: Culture	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 11.2

Evaluate: Information/Relevance
The learner will be able to evaluate information to determine its relevance.

Strand	Scope	Source
Evaluating	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 24.2

Evaluating: Setting/Characters/Events
The learner will be able to evaluate setting, characters, and events from a text and support them with evidence from the text.

Strand	Scope	Source
Evaluating	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.14

Evaluating: Value/Informational
The learner will be able to evaluate text for informational value.

Strand	Scope	Source
Evaluating	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 24

Figurative Language: Identify
The learner will be able to identify figurative language in reading materials.

Strand	Scope	Source
Figurative Language	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.12

Figurative Language: Understand
The learner will be able to identify and understand figurative language in reading materials.

Strand	Scope	Source
Figurative Language	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 4.11

Foreshadowing: Identifying
The learner will be able to identify foreshadowing within the context of a reading selection.

Strand	Scope	Source
Foreshadowing	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.11

Foreshadowing: Importance/Demonstrate
The learner will be able to demonstrate the importance of foreshadowing in reading selections.

Strand	Scope	Source
Foreshadowing	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.11

Interpretation: Facts/Main Ideas/Apply
The learner will be able to apply facts and main ideas as the basis for interpretation.

Strand	Scope	Source
Interpretation	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8

Main Idea: Identify
The learner will be able to identify main ideas from reading passages.

Strand	Scope	Source
Main Idea	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8

Purposes: Answer Questions
The learner will be able to read to locate information necessary to answer a question.

Strand	Scope	Source
Reading Purposes	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 24

Questions: Information/Locate/Answer
The learner will be able to locate facts in the text to answer questions.

Strand	Scope	Source
Questions	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.15, 13.9

Story: Elements/Identify
The learner will be able to identify story elements, such as setting, plot, and characters.

Strand	Scope	Source
Story Elements	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 12.2

Summarize: Main Ideas
The learner will be able to summarize main ideas.

Strand	Scope	Source
Summary	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.18, 13.12

Summary: Evidence/Supporting Details
The learner will be able to use evidence from text to summarize supporting details.

Strand	Scope	Source
Summary	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 8.18, 13.12

Support: Elements/Poem
The learner will be able to use examples from the text to support his/her understanding of the elements of a poem.

Strand	Scope	Source
Support	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Support: Structure/Poem
The learner will be able to use examples from the text to support his/her understanding of structure in a poem.

Strand	Scope	Source
Support	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Support: Theme/Poem
The learner will be able to use examples from the text to support his/her understanding of the theme of a poem.

Strand	Scope	Source
Support	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 14

Theme: Apply/Support From Text
The learner will be able to apply themes as they occur in literature and give supporting evidence from the text.

Strand	Scope	Source
Themes	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 11

Theme: Identify/Support From Text
The learner will be able to identify themes as they occur in literature and give supporting evidence from the text.

Strand	Scope	Source
Themes	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 11

Speaking

The Speaking Unit focuses on techniques and strategies (voice modulation, body language, ordering of ideas, visual aids, etc.) to convey meaning and to present information and opinions to groups. This unit includes formal and informal communication, debate skills, and verbal/nonverbal communication.

Formal/Informal: Situation
The learner will be able to use appropriate formal/informal language for a given situation.

Strand	Scope	Source
Communication: Formal/Informal	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 6

Strategies: Questions/Ideas/Information
The learner will be able to ask questions, listen to others' ideas, and contribute his or her own ideas or information in group discussions or interviews as a way of acquiring new knowledge.

Strand	Scope	Source
Speaking Strategies	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 2

Formal: Recitation/Plan
The learner will be able to plan an effective recitation.

Strand	Scope	Source
Communication: Formal	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 18.2

Formal: Audience/Purpose/Create/Deliver
The learner will be able to create and deliver formal presentations appropriate to specific audiences and purposes.

Strand	Scope	Source
Communication: Formal	Master	MA: Curriculum Framework, 2001, Grade 4, 3